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True or False:
TB is the most common presenting illness among people living with HIV.
People living with HIV are from 26 to 31 times more likely to develop TB than persons without HIV. TB is the most common presenting illness among people living with HIV, including among those taking antiretroviral treatment, and it is the major cause of HIV-related death. Sub-Saharan Africa bears the brunt of the dual epidemic, accounting for approximately 78 percent of the estimated burden in 2013. Diabetes triples the risk of TB. Rates of TB are higher in people with diabetes than in the general population, and diabetes is common in people with TB. Diabetes can worsen the clinical course of TB, and TB can worsen glycemic control in people with diabetes. Individuals with both conditions thus require careful clinical management. Strategies are needed to ensure that optimal care is provided to patients with both diseases.
______________ triples the risk of TB.
People living with HIV are from 26 to 31 times more likely to develop TB than persons without HIV. TB is the most common presenting illness among people living with HIV, including among those taking antiretroviral treatment, and it is the major cause of HIV-related death. Sub-Saharan Africa bears the brunt of the dual epidemic, accounting for approximately 78 percent of the estimated burden in 2013. Diabetes triples the risk of TB. Rates of TB are higher in people with diabetes than in the general population, and diabetes is common in people with TB. Diabetes can worsen the clinical course of TB, and TB can worsen glycemic control in people with diabetes. Individuals with both conditions thus require careful clinical management. Strategies are needed to ensure that optimal care is provided to patients with both diseases.
True or False:
Malnutrition does not increase the risk of TB.
Undernutrition and underlying food insecurity are among the most important determinants of TB. Improving nutritional status at population level is important for TB prevention. This should be part of broader actions on social determinants. Malnutrition increases the risk of TB and TB can lead to malnutrition. Malnutrition is therefore often highly prevalent among people with TB. While appropriate TB treatment often helps normalize nutritional status, many TB patients are still malnourished at the end of TB treatment. Therefore, nutritional assessment and counselling, and management of malnutrition based on the nutritional status are an important part of the TB treatment package.
True or False:
Tobacco smoking increases the risk of TB 2-3 fold, and is associated with poor TB treatment results.
High smoking prevalence in the population is an important contributor to high TB burden. Public health and regulatory efforts to reduce smoking prevalence can have significant impact on TB incidence. It is key that TB prevention efforts are linked up with efforts to reduce other smoking-related conditions in the population. Tobacco smoking increases the risk of TB 2-3 fold, and is associated with poor TB treatment results. Smoking prevalence is often high among people with TB, and prevalence of other smoking-related conditions can be high as well. People diagnosed with TB should be asked about smoking, and should be offered advice about smoking cessation. This is part of the practical approach to lung health.
Harmful use of _______________ increases the risk of TB threefold.
Harmful use of alcohol increases the risk of TB threefold, and is also a strong risk factor for poor TB treatment adherence. In countries with high prevalence of alcohol use disorders, and especially in intermediate- and low-incidence countries where TB has become highly concentrated to certain vulnerable groups, harmful alcohol use can be an important population level risk factor for TB, and is often a common co-morbidity among TB patients. As part of a comprehensive care package it is important, especially in those countries, to identify problem drinkers, diagnose alcohol use disorder, and refer for appropriate alcohol interventions.
From the video “Study Links Smoking to Millions of TB Deaths”
True or False:
More and more people are dying from TB.
See video: Study Links Smoking to Millions of TB Deaths
From the video “Study Links Smoking to Millions of TB Deaths,” ______ of all people use tobacco.
See video: Study Links Smoking to Millions of TB Deaths
From the video “Tuberculosis, Eating Right to Guard Against Tuberculosis”
True or False:
TB is controllable but not curable.
See video: Tuberculosis, Eating Right to Guard Against Tuberculosis, Dr. Mrinal Bhargava
From the video “Tuberculosis and Diabetes,” 15% of TB patients have _________.
See video: Tuberculosis and Diabetes
From the video “HIV/AIDS and TB Coinfection”
True or False:
TB is the leading cause of death among people living with HIV worldwide.
See video: HIV/AIDS and TB Coinfection
